Recently in Malaysia there's is a lots of new airlines have been build up. To make an airlines, it's not an easy job and required a very huge capital.
Like as any other company, an airlines also required those basics departments such as HR department, account department, marketing department & etc, but some more departments like crew, flight dispatch, maintenance, ramp & etc are required. Build an airlines required a lots of man power to run it hence will makes higher employment rate.
Anyhow the largest cost and most important things to set up an airlines is the aircraft. An aircraft is the tool for airlines to make profit. Most of the airlines starting by leasing old aircraft from others as starting to reduce the cost. However to make an aircraft fly isn't that easy too. An airlines has to get an Air Operating Certificate (AOC) from Department Of Civil Aviation (DCA).
Basically for aircraft itself required a lot of documentation to fly it such as C of A, insurance...and everything is not easy to get certified and need to renew by time to time. To fly an aircraft there is a few sets of crew required too for operation & standby.
Other than that the route for an airlines operating is also important. It requires a lots of survey before stating a destination for the statistic of pax & cargo which determines the profit of the airlines from the route. However to land on the destination also required approval for the schedule time, parking bay, ground support...so many stuff to be considering.
Lastly how the airlines makes profit from?? That's what we called it as payload which is passenger, baggage & cargo. Some extra services can be charged too such as inflight meal, onboard wifi & merchandise.
Appreciate everyone contribute to makes an airlines, safe flight ;)